Arezoo Ghafari; Meysam Arabzadeh; Mehdi Safari Gerayli; Hosein Jabbary; Yasser Rezaei Pitenoei
Abstract
Corporate integrity is considered as part of the company's development strategies, which in the long run can lead to the increased firms' financial transparency to stakeholders. The purpose of our study is to present a corporate integrity model and, then to investigate its effect on firms' information ...
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Corporate integrity is considered as part of the company's development strategies, which in the long run can lead to the increased firms' financial transparency to stakeholders. The purpose of our study is to present a corporate integrity model and, then to investigate its effect on firms' information asymmetry. In this study, to measure the corporate integrity, we use Meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis in the qualitative part. Then, in the quantitative section, the corporate integrity questionnaires were sent to the managers of the sample firms. Subsequently, a total of 138 questionnaires were completed and sent back, which were used as the final samples for analysis. In addition, information asymmetry is measured using the three different proxies, namely bid-ask spread, turnover, and Amihud illiquidity measure. Our findings show a significant and negative effect of corporate integrity on information asymmetry. This results suggest that corporate integrity, by promoting behavioral values based on truthfulness and commitment, the structures will enhance the corporate governance mechanisms and, thereby, firstly motivate the managers to reduce the agency gap and, secondly, implement a more effective level of the supervisions on the firm's performances in front of the stakeholders by accelerating the circulation of information and giving timely and reliable feedback to the stakeholders. This is the first study that presents a corporate integrity model through qualitative analysis and then, investigates the effect of corporate integrity on firms' information asymmetry. Therefore, our study can contribute to the extant literature of this context.
Jaafar Babajani; Mohsen Akbari
Abstract
Information flow is a key parameter in an economic activity that acts as the main factor in the capital market emergence, stability, and efficiency. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effect of the environmental points of cooperate governance on the pricing of information asymmetry. ...
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Information flow is a key parameter in an economic activity that acts as the main factor in the capital market emergence, stability, and efficiency. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effect of the environmental points of cooperate governance on the pricing of information asymmetry. In this regard, we have extracted data related to companies accepted in the "Tehran Stock Exchange" from 2009 to 2018, and a panel-data regression model was utilized to test research hypnosis. The results show that information asymmetry and environmental points of cooperate governance have a significant effect on the expected return (cost of capital) on an investment. In addition, the effect of environmental points of cooperate governance on the relationship between the information asymmetry and the cost of capital has been verified. Finally, the results show that environmental points of cooperate governance leads to the differences in the cost of capital in the different levels of information asymmetry.
Zahra Kohandel; Mohammad Mehdi Momenzadeh; Leila Zamanianfar; Marjan Ghafarifard
Abstract
The theory of psychology focuses on the explanation and prediction of individuals by examining specific behavior rather than the expression of an organization or society and on non-objective phenomena rather than an objective, and its importance for the management of the contingency arises from the fact ...
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The theory of psychology focuses on the explanation and prediction of individuals by examining specific behavior rather than the expression of an organization or society and on non-objective phenomena rather than an objective, and its importance for the management of the contingency arises from the fact that the function of the individual at any given time must be evaluated based on his conditions and working situations and due to its complex and diverse dimensions, decision making confronts with several choices and criteria which can be examined by multi-criteria analysis. This applied research aims to rank the psychological theories with an accounting approach based on the management of contingencies using the AHP method. The method of this study was a descriptive survey conducted by distributing the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of elites and accounting experts with over 20 years of job experience in Tehran. Sixty-eight individuals were selected randomly, and the questionnaires were distributed among them. After collecting the research for data analysis using expert choice software, the research, and ranking of the data were done using the AHP technique. The findings of the study indicate that the motivation theory and social psychology theory, and finally, cognitive psychology theory are based on priority order. In other words, in the accounting-based approach to contingency management, most motivational theories are presented and show a higher impact, one of the most important reasons for which can be attributed to the reliance of accounting on individual management
Hadi Malekipour; Mohammadreza Abdoli; Hasan Valiyan
Abstract
Since the auditing profession is a process engaged in judgment activities, knowing the reasoning concepts to achieve a level of rationale in audit judgment is the theoretical and fundamental concept in this profession. In this regard, tactfulness is one of the decision-making components in an auditor's ...
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Since the auditing profession is a process engaged in judgment activities, knowing the reasoning concepts to achieve a level of rationale in audit judgment is the theoretical and fundamental concept in this profession. In this regard, tactfulness is one of the decision-making components in an auditor's judgment that assigns a level of reasoning for making an intellectual decision and promotes the level of judgment quality in auditing. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is Auditors’ Wise Tactfulness in Professional Judgments by Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM). The mixed-methods approach was used for the research in which, in the qualitative part, two experts population as panel members, and, in the quantitative part, 30 independent auditors as the statistical population participated. In the qualitative part, the meta-analysis approach was used to identify the themes related to wise tactfulness in professional judgment, and then, the basic themes selected were examined based on two criteria, concordance coefficient and average, in three rounds reciprocally until theoretical saturation was met. At this point, 14 themes were accepted among 20 basic themes. In the quantitative part, the themes accepted were coded first and then were distributed among the respective population, based on a matrix questionnaire, to identify the most effective trait of auditor's wise tactfulness in professional judgment using the Total Interpretive Structural Modeling approach. According to the results, the theme adherence to the principles of professional ethics as a basic theme of professional thinking was selected as the most influential trait of wise tactfulness.
Ahmad Farahani Darestani; Mohammadreza Miri Lavasani; Hamidreza Kordlouie; Ghodratallah Talebnia
Abstract
Asset allocation has always been a challenging issue / for individuals and businesses to survive in our competitive world. One of the famous businesses, which has an enormous impact on people's lives worldwide, is the pension industry. Pension funds- as Defined Benefit, Defined Contribution, or others- ...
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Asset allocation has always been a challenging issue / for individuals and businesses to survive in our competitive world. One of the famous businesses, which has an enormous impact on people's lives worldwide, is the pension industry. Pension funds- as Defined Benefit, Defined Contribution, or others- accept reserves from contributors and try to invest them in a way to keep up with their obligations in the future or even pay more than that. The equity market has been one of the good choices for investment as pension funds try to reach a particular rate of return to maximize their wealth while considering not crossing red lines in taking risks. This paper will detail the new mathematical model for finding optimal stock portfolios using Generalized Co-Lower Partial Moment as a risk measure to minimize portfolio optimization. On the other hand, it introduces new tailored Expected Utility as a performance metric to maximize in this model. The proposed model's issue against previous studies is considering risk aversion and target rate of investment return as two significant investor characteristics. This is based on price returns' simulation of candidate stocks in TSE while using accurate and nonparametric Probability Density Function in historical data analysis.
Mohsen Arabyarmohamadi; Mohammadreza Abdoli; Asghar karami; Maryam Shahri
Abstract
Presenting an audit report is the basis for developing competitive strategies that, in the form of operational transparency, are able to guide stakeholders in financial decisions and inform them of operational information and facts. Because auditors have a crucial role to play in reporting these reports, ...
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Presenting an audit report is the basis for developing competitive strategies that, in the form of operational transparency, are able to guide stakeholders in financial decisions and inform them of operational information and facts. Because auditors have a crucial role to play in reporting these reports, they need to be more balanced, both professionally and on the basis of psychological functions, in finding performance gaps with the functional realities of companies. Therefore, knowing the individual characteristics in this area can help to develop the functions of the audit report. This is because auditors, like any person in charge of a profession, may face disruptions and negative performance characteristics that make it difficult for them to disclose corporate performance facts. Hence this study was to analyze the causes of alienation of conduct in a professional career path for a more comprehensive understanding of the auditor's job is frustration. This research is a mix of methods because through the analysis of grounded theory and with the participation of 17 auditing experts, it seeks to identify the components and statements related to the causes of behavioral alienation in the professional career path of trusted auditors of the Stock Exchange Organization. Then, through the link analysis method and with the participation of trusted auditors of the stock exchange organization, it tries to examine the stimuli and consequences of behavioral alienation in the professional career path of auditors in the form of a systematic representation model. The results obtained from the qualitative part of the existence of three cultural; Social and structural dimensions in the form of 7 categories. The results in the quantitative part also showed that the lack of symbols of professional behavior in the auditors of the stock exchange organization under the component of cultural dimension is the most important functional stimulus in auditors' professional frustrations as causes of professional behavior alienation that can result from this cultural disorder. Cause social conflicts in the professional work of certified auditors of the stock exchange organization.
Bahareh Zarintaj; Saeed Aghasi; Forozan Baktash
Abstract
As a trading strategy, pairs trading is performed based on the arbitrage opportunities extracted from statistical models. It is an outcome of the distance between an asset pair and the equilibrium state. Consequently, selecting a pair with the potential to form long-term relationships and reverting to ...
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As a trading strategy, pairs trading is performed based on the arbitrage opportunities extracted from statistical models. It is an outcome of the distance between an asset pair and the equilibrium state. Consequently, selecting a pair with the potential to form long-term relationships and reverting to the mean is the main challenge associated with pair trading. Cointegration is one of the most famous statistical tests for selecting a pair's trading. The present study uses Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to decompose the time series of an asset pair price into its constituent elements (intrinsic mode functions). This study examined the property of cointegration across different levels and the corresponding levels of 2- time series to find the cointegration pairs in different decomposition levels and finally examine the resulting profitability. To this end, the profitability of the pairs trading system related to 14 stocks of the Tehran Stock Exchange throughout 2012-2021 was investigated based on EMD. The results showed that the outputs are pretty noticeable for the first level of decomposition (the first intrinsic mode function), and the number of trading opportunities increased by more than two times compared to the normal pair trading with cointegration; the daily returns increased by four times; and the Sharpe ratio increased by about two times compared to the normal pairs trading. The system formed based on the second mode function also outperformed the normal cointegration, and the performance of the third intrinsic mode function is almost on par with that of cointegration. Moreover, the mean transaction duration decreased remarkably in the first and second mode functions.
Javad Forouzandeh; Naser Izadinia; Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh
Abstract
Considerable researches have been devoted to predicting financial distress by using financial ratios and there is a little knowledge about this issue and how report paragraphs and information may contribute to predict companies’ insolvency. The major purpose of this study is to explore the effects ...
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Considerable researches have been devoted to predicting financial distress by using financial ratios and there is a little knowledge about this issue and how report paragraphs and information may contribute to predict companies’ insolvency. The major purpose of this study is to explore the effects of audit report types, pre-opinion paragraphs, special emphasis paragraphs, and other explanatory paragraphs on financial distress among firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research period is from 2011 to 2018 and the sample consists of 107 firms which are selected using a purposeful sampling method. Results of multiple regression analysis shows there is not any significant association between audit report type, the number of pre-opinion paragraphs, special emphasis paragraphs and other explanatory paragraphs with financial distress.
Shahnaz Mashayekh; Fatemeh Morshedi
Abstract
Corporate investment decisions are determined by a variety of factors, including various managerial measures, including overconfidence of managers, which are important determinants of corporate investment decisions. Most corporate executives prefer internal financing, but if internal resources are not ...
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Corporate investment decisions are determined by a variety of factors, including various managerial measures, including overconfidence of managers, which are important determinants of corporate investment decisions. Most corporate executives prefer internal financing, but if internal resources are not sufficient to meet this need, they use external resources with the least degree of information asymmetry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of managerial overconfidence on investment and the moderating effect of the internal financing method is on their relationship. The study consisted of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2011 to 2016 and using a systematic elimination sampling method, 97 companies were selected. To investigate the research hypotheses, EVIEWS software and panel data regression method was used. The results of the research showed that managers’ overconfidence has a positive and significant effect on investment as well as underinvestment, but internal financing does not have a significant effect on the relationship between the overconfidence of managers and investment as well over-investment. But the effect of internal financing on the relationship between managers’ overconfidence and underinvestment was a significant positive. Finally, it became clear that internal financing had a significant negative impact on investment and over-investment.
Parisa Saadat Behbahaninia; Mohadeseh Golbidi
Abstract
In recent years, corporate sustainability reporting and its effective dimensions on it have always been considered from the perspective of users of financial reporting. Sustainability reporting is the environmental, social, and economic achievements of a company and shows how the organization implements ...
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In recent years, corporate sustainability reporting and its effective dimensions on it have always been considered from the perspective of users of financial reporting. Sustainability reporting is the environmental, social, and economic achievements of a company and shows how the organization implements its development plans in the future, taking into account these issues. In this study, the relationship between CEO power, life cycle, and sustainability reporting has been investigated and the effect of international relations has been considered. To investigate this issue, 4 hypotheses were developed and tested with a sample consisting of 119 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2012 to 2019. The results showed that CEO power has a negative effect on sustainability reporting and life cycle has a positive effect on the relationship between CEO power and sustainability reporting. The results of the study did not confirm the adjusting effect of international relations on the relationship between CEO power and sustainability reporting, while the results showed that international relations hurt the relationship between life cycle and corporate sustainability reporting.
Mojtaba Hidari; Hasan Valiyan; Alireza Koushki Jahromi; Mohammadreza Abdoli
Abstract
Protecting the interests of shareholders is considered one of the main pillars of any capital market, which, while increasing the level of financial transparency, prevents the loss of their interests to those in power in companies. Consistency of laws and regulations on the one hand and the effectiveness ...
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Protecting the interests of shareholders is considered one of the main pillars of any capital market, which, while increasing the level of financial transparency, prevents the loss of their interests to those in power in companies. Consistency of laws and regulations on the one hand and the effectiveness of the corporate governance system in supervising the financial and legal operations of the company is considered important factor in respecting contracts and supporting the investments of minority and majority shareholders of companies, which makes investors confident in protecting their investments. Governance structural keywords in the corporate governance system can lead to Investor Protection by arranging effective board oversight mechanisms and motivating investors to have confidence in the structures of capital market companies. The purpose of this study is to interpret Investor Protection under the existence of a Governance Civilization based on interpretive prioritization analysis.
In this study, theoretical screening based on similar studies was used to identify the components (Investor Protection) and research propositions (themes of corporate governance civilization). Then, in order to determine the reliability of research components and propositions through the participation of 14 experts and experts in the field of accounting and financial management, Delphi analysis was used. In the quantitative part, the components and propositions identified in the form of matrix questionnaires were evaluated by interpretive analysis by 20 managers of the top 50 companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2009.
The results showed that the proposition of sociocracy is considered the most influential theme of corporate governance civilization in capital market companies, which strengthens the effectiveness of internal control as a component of protecting the interests of shareholders. This result shows that the theme of sociocracy enables corporate governance mechanisms by promoting the level of sharing and participatory discourses to increase the effectiveness of board oversight, strengthen the weaknesses of internal controls to enhance the effectiveness of control over financial performance, and enrich the capacity to build trust and confidence in the performance of companies.
Sasan Babaie
Abstract
Compared with net earnings, the components of earnings are more informative in companies whose components have different qualities of persistence and volatility. We examine the issue of whether net earnings together with their components have more information content than only net earnings. We construct ...
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Compared with net earnings, the components of earnings are more informative in companies whose components have different qualities of persistence and volatility. We examine the issue of whether net earnings together with their components have more information content than only net earnings. We construct a model to describe the effect of components volatility and their persistence through disaggregation of earnings value relevance and predictability. The analyses in our study are based on 600 firm-year observations in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period 2005- 2019. Data are derived from RAHAVARD NOVIN Iranian software and firms' financial statements. The statistical tests for data analyses are the difference of means test (t-test) and regression analyses. The results of the current study indicate that as the persistence and volatility of selected components of earnings (sales, employee expenses, other selling, general and administrative expenses, and income taxes) increase, earnings disaggregation can improve earnings predictability. Furthermore, when the volatility of employee expenses increases, disaggregated earnings can improve earnings value relevance. As the value relevance of net earnings has been declined over the past decades, the results of the current study suggest that earnings disaggregation plays a major role in improving earnings value relevance and their predictability.
Hossein Naderi; Mehrdad Ghanbari; Babak Jamshidi Navid; Arash Nademi
Abstract
The modeling of strategies for buying and selling in Stock Market Investment has been the object of numerous advances and uses in economic studies, both theoretically and empirically. One of the popular models in economic studies is applying the Markov Switching models for forecasting the time series ...
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The modeling of strategies for buying and selling in Stock Market Investment has been the object of numerous advances and uses in economic studies, both theoretically and empirically. One of the popular models in economic studies is applying the Markov Switching models for forecasting the time series observations based on stock prices. The semi-parametric estimators for these models are a class of popular methods that have been used extensively by researchers to increase the accuracy of estimation. The main part of these estimators is based on kernel functions. Despite the existence of many kernel functions that are capable in applications for forecasting the stock prices, there is a widely use of Gaussian kernel in these estimators. But there is a question if other types of kernel function can be used in these estimators. This paper tries to introduce the other kernel functions that can be a good replacement for this kernel function to increase the ability of Markov Switching models. We first test six popular kernel functions to find the best one based on simulation studies and then offer the new strategy of buying and selling stocks by the best kernel function selection on real data.
Reza Taghizadeh; Amin Nazemi; Mohammad SadeghzadehMaharluie
Abstract
The stock market plays an important role in the economic development of countries. Network analysis is one of the latest methods in analyzing the stock market. It is a new concept for a macro view of the whole market in quantitative science literature. Therefore, this research analyzes the available ...
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The stock market plays an important role in the economic development of countries. Network analysis is one of the latest methods in analyzing the stock market. It is a new concept for a macro view of the whole market in quantitative science literature. Therefore, this research analyzes the available Shareholder network in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. This research is based on a type of data collected and analyzed is quantitative research. And, its’ type is network analysis. The research results indicate that many of shareholders are connected to each other, although a class structure governs their relations. Some of the shareholders, in comparison with others, have a better position. Having a better position caused them to encounter fewer mediators in gaining access to other shareholders, and also easier access to available resources. The shareholders’ ability in gaining access to information through the cluster of network members enhances too. Therefore, it is claimed that these shareholders can play the role of key actors in the governing structure. Also, the results of the Pareto distribution indicate that the distribution of power among the Shareholders is approximately 25/75, that is, 75 per cent of the strength in the hands of 25 per cent of the Shareholders.
Abdolrasoul Rahmanian Koushkaki; Sadegh Bahremandjouy
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Political Communication and Information Asymmetry with the efficiency of investment in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve the above goal, two hypotheses were formulated. To test research hypotheses, a ...
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The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Political Communication and Information Asymmetry with the efficiency of investment in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve the above goal, two hypotheses were formulated. To test research hypotheses, a sample consisting of 109 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2019 was selected. And a panel regression model based on composite data was used which has independent and dependent variables. The results of this study show that Political Communication has a negative and significant impact on Investment Efficiency, In contrast, Information Asymmetry has a positive and significant impact on Investment Efficiency, and this means that with increasing information asymmetry, investment efficiency increases. Therefore, political communications prefer corporate resources to pursue profitable investment options, thus altering corporate investment behaviors and reducing corporate investment efficiency. The results also show that Information asymmetry prevents investors from commenting on investment opportunities, thus allowing local managers to take advantage of profitable investment options.
Jamshid Bigdelo; Neda Bashiri; Reza Tehrani; Fatemeh Kheilkordi
Abstract
"Corporate governance" includes mechanisms to monitor CEO's performance to assure efficient decision adoption and maximize firm value. One of the most effective aspects of firm performance is the degree of risk-taking. This study investigates the relationship between CEO power and institutional ownership ...
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"Corporate governance" includes mechanisms to monitor CEO's performance to assure efficient decision adoption and maximize firm value. One of the most effective aspects of firm performance is the degree of risk-taking. This study investigates the relationship between CEO power and institutional ownership with risk-taking behavior of member firms of Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran Fara Bourse during 2010-2019 by utilizing quintile regression. According to the results, by the increase of CEO's power and the company's benefit from powerful managers, the company risk (total risk and systemic risk) will decrease. As a result, managers are eager to safeguard their reputation as expert decision-makers and, as a result, they try to reduce company risk. In addition, the existence of institutional ownership among the shareholders of the company will reduce the risk, which can be referred to in the agency theory. Also, if the impact of these two variables is considered together, the risk will increase significantly. This very fact reflects the exercise of the power and influence of institutional owners. As a result, large shareholders have a supervisory role in the discipline of managers, but despite their impact on the relationship between managers' power and corporate risk, they do not alter the main negative relationship.
Hoda Eskandar; Hadi Hadadi
Abstract
Financial constraints are one of the influencing factors on investment decisions. Financial constraints put firms under pressure to forgo investment opportunities to finance their working capital needs. Moreover, some variables like working capital needs and liquidity of a firm are likely to affect the ...
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Financial constraints are one of the influencing factors on investment decisions. Financial constraints put firms under pressure to forgo investment opportunities to finance their working capital needs. Moreover, some variables like working capital needs and liquidity of a firm are likely to affect the relationship between these two variables. Hence, this study seeks to examine the effect of short-term credit constraints on the investment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), firms with different characteristics in comparison with large-sized firms. In addition, this correlation is tested by considering the effect of mentioned moderating variables (working capital and liquidity). The sample of this study includes the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2018, which are considered as SMEs based on some criteria. Multivariate regression models and E-views software are used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that short-term credit constraints negatively affect corporate investment. It means that constrained firms invest in fewer investment opportunities because of facing source shortages. Moreover, in companies requiring more working capital, the inverse effect of short-term credit constraints on corporate investment is stronger. Such firms suffer from financial problems and are not able to use their investment opportunities. Additionally, this hypothesis that companies with high liquidity can offset u effects of short-term financial constraints on fixed investment, is not confirmed
Zahra Mohammadi pourmazaheri; Babak Jamshidinavid; Mehrdad Ghanbari; Alireza Moradi
Abstract
This research sought to investigate the assumption that commodities operate as hedging and safe-haven for stocks -during various periods of stock market volatility. In this regard, market test regression models and daily data from 21/03/2009 to 19/03/2020 were used. The researcher was able to test both ...
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This research sought to investigate the assumption that commodities operate as hedging and safe-haven for stocks -during various periods of stock market volatility. In this regard, market test regression models and daily data from 21/03/2009 to 19/03/2020 were used. The researcher was able to test both hypotheses of commodities as hedging and safe-haven simultaneously using these three models. According to the market test model results, "periods of relatively high and low volatility," gold coin futures contracts are viewed as a strong safe-haven for Changes in Tehran stock exchange returns, yet they lack the property of hedging. According to the results of the market test model “Low return periods," gold commodities and other petroleum products serve as safe-haven.Furthermore, “during times of crisis," commodities such as polymer, copper, and gold (cash and futures) had a consistent relationship with the stock market returns. They can be regarded as a strong safe haven for Changes in stock returns. Gold, in general, provided a safe-haven property for the stock index returns in all market test models, and it can serve as a stabilizing force for financial systems by reducing the casualties caused by extreme negative market shocks. The findings indicated that commodities can be used as risk management tools during economic and financial crises. Regarding hedging, the commodity market performed poorly compared to the stock market. Hedging does not always represent a safe haven for the stock market return, and vice versa.
Ali Namaki; Mohammad Ali Shahhoseini; Gholamreza Karami; Ehsan Abdollahian
Abstract
Holding companies collect funds from subsidiaries and allocate them to important areas (Internal Capital Market). Managers of holding companies have the ability to transfer funds between subsidiaries. Some specific orientations cause the non-optimal allocation of financial resources. One of the concerns ...
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Holding companies collect funds from subsidiaries and allocate them to important areas (Internal Capital Market). Managers of holding companies have the ability to transfer funds between subsidiaries. Some specific orientations cause the non-optimal allocation of financial resources. One of the concerns of investors is investing in companies where transparency is fully implemented. Companies are trying to achieve this by implementing corporate governance mechanisms. In this research, using a systematic review method, the dimensions of corporate governance were extracted with the stakeholder theory approach. Finally, in order to examine the question of whether the managers of holding companies consider the interests of all stakeholders when using the internal capital market or not, according to the assumptions of the research, the dimensions of corporate governance on stakeholders have been investigated. To investigate this relationship, a set of questions based on Likert scale about the measured variables of the target society was designed. After data collection, finally, data analysis was done by statistical method using SPSS software and structural equations using SPLS software, and the results of path analysis and causal relationships between the research variables were interpreted in the conceptual model. The data analysis also showed that the value of the path coefficient, the effects of dimensions and components of corporate governance and stakeholders, is a positive value. The null hypothesis of the research is rejected and the opposite hypothesis is confirmed. This shows that there is a relationship between the effects of corporate governance dimensions and stakeholders. The direct effect value indicates a strong and high effect size. As a result, the interests of all stakeholders should be considered.
Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini; Esfandyar Malekian
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between voluntary disclosure and earnings management and financial performance during the life cycle of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the study included all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange since ...
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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between voluntary disclosure and earnings management and financial performance during the life cycle of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the study included all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange since 2013-2018. In this study, earnings management, the financial performance of the companies (including return on equity, returns on assets, Tobin Q ratio, economic value-added, and refined economic value added) were the dependent variables, and the level of voluntary disclosure was the independent variable and the life cycle of the company was considered as the moderating variable. Also, in order to test the research hypotheses, a linear multivariate regression model using combined data was used. The results showed that earnings management and financial performance indicators have a significant relationship with voluntary disclosure over the life cycle. Accordingly, an increase in the level of voluntary disclosure increased the company's performance. Also, the results of the study indicated that the company's life cycle mediates the relationship between the level of voluntary disclosure and the company's performance.
Seyed Babak Ebrahimi; Mostafa Abdollahi Moghadam; Nasser Safaie
Abstract
The primary purpose of investors is maximizing the utility that is characterized by two essential criteria include risk and return. Regarding investors' uncertainty about the future, one of the main ways to reduce risk is to diversify the investment portfolio. In this research, we proposed an index conducted ...
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The primary purpose of investors is maximizing the utility that is characterized by two essential criteria include risk and return. Regarding investors' uncertainty about the future, one of the main ways to reduce risk is to diversify the investment portfolio. In this research, we proposed an index conducted by Euclidean distance for assessing portfolio diversity. Besides, we designed a multi-objective model to select optimal stock portfolios with considering value at risk (VaR), which is one of the critical indicators of unacceptable risk, portfolio Beta as systematic risk, and portfolio variance as unsystematic risk simultaneously. The model presented in this paper aims to maximize diversification while minimizing value at risk and stock risks. Furthermore, maximizing returns are considered as a limitation of this model. Since the proposed model is nonlinear and concerning computational complexity, it is NP-hard; therefore, we utilized the PSO and the GE metaheuristic algorithms that are improved for solving multi-objective problems to solve the model. The results of the model implementation in multiple iterations showed that the average yield of selected portfolios by the model is higher than the desirable condition. The evaluation of stock performance indicators also shows the satisfactory performance of the multi-objective model.
ََAkram Taftiyan; Fatemeh Mansuri Mohammadabadi
Abstract
The forward-looking information disclosure presents the information that enables the beneficiaries to evaluate a company's future that might involve financial forecasts and uncertainty. This affects the company's performance and decreases the stock return volatility. The present research aims at integrated ...
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The forward-looking information disclosure presents the information that enables the beneficiaries to evaluate a company's future that might involve financial forecasts and uncertainty. This affects the company's performance and decreases the stock return volatility. The present research aims at integrated modeling of the causes and consequences of forward-looking information disclosure. This study is an applied descriptive correlational research. The sample included 93 companies listed on the Tehran stock exchange from 2013 to 2019. The impact of all the causes of forward-looking information disclosure and its consequences was extracted by applying the structural equation modeling method. The consequences include capital cost and informational asymmetry, and the causes of forward-looking information disclosure include macroeconomic features, financial performance, ownership structure, board characteristics, structural properties, and audit. In short, according to the obtained results, the forward-looking information disclosure significantly positively affects the capital cost.
On the contrary, it has no significant influence on informational asymmetry. Further, the results of testing the model revealed that the variables of ownership structure and financial performance positively influence forward-looking information disclosure. In addition, the impact of macroeconomic characteristics is negative, and there is no relationship between the forward-looking information disclosure with the audit, structural features, and the board's characteristics
Abbas Ali Daryaei; Pedram Azizi; Yasin Fattahi
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to focus on examining the impact of conservatism on IPOs underpricing and then examine the role of audit quality as a moderating variable in the relationship between conservatism and IPOs. Based on financial-behavioral theories, analyses are conducted of data from a sample ...
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The purpose of this paper is to focus on examining the impact of conservatism on IPOs underpricing and then examine the role of audit quality as a moderating variable in the relationship between conservatism and IPOs. Based on financial-behavioral theories, analyses are conducted of data from a sample of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listed companies for the fiscal years 2008–2017 (i.e. 230 firm-year observations). Correlation and regression analyses are performed to evaluate possible associations between conservatism and initial public offerings (IPOs) underpricing with regard to audit quality. There is a negative significant relationship between conservatism and IPOs underpricing, i.e., it reduces IPOs underpricing. Also, the research results indicated that the auditing quality cannot moderate the relationship between conservatism and IPOs underpricing in Iran’s stock market. This conclusion may be explained under the winner’s curse theory. Accordingly, informed investors do not request to purchase unattractive stocks, and uninformed investors demand and obtain all the unattractive stocks since there is no competition between informed and uninformed investors. A limitation of this paper is the number of firms, which for future studies needs to be considered. This research is expected to contribute comprehensively to expanding the theoretical foundations and increase audience knowledge of the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs). It is also expected that the results of the study will: 1. determine the underpricing of IPOs in Iran during the research period; 2. document the role of conservatism in reducing underpricing of IPOs; 3. potentially prevent inappropriate pricing of new stocks. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that the application of financial-behavioral theories calls for more inquiry.
Ali Namaki; Mohsen Nazari; Hossein Gaeeini
Abstract
Since the 1970’s developing and developed countries have experienced unprecedented public debt levels. This surge in public debt has emphasized the importance of public debt management. Since risks such as reducing economic growth, increasing inflation, and depreciation of the national currency ...
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Since the 1970’s developing and developed countries have experienced unprecedented public debt levels. This surge in public debt has emphasized the importance of public debt management. Since risks such as reducing economic growth, increasing inflation, and depreciation of the national currency accompany unplanned public debt accumulation, governments should be alert not to endanger economic growth with ill-considered borrowing. In this paper, we aim to analyze Iran’s external debt variations concerning major macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth as a proxy of economic growth, inflation, and sovereign oil generated incomes. The method that is applied in this research is cross wavelet transform which is a powerful mathematical approach for analyzing the financial data. Our results show there are different patterns in small and large scales between variables and external debt as a dependent variable has different relations with endogenous and exogenous factors. In the short run, low oil prices as an exogenous variable, during the 1980s have shaped governments’ debt accumulation behavior but on larger scales, indigenous variables such as governments’ budget deficits have been much more dominant in shaping governments borrowing patterns. In a chronological view, US cruel sanctions and the Iran-Iraq war were major events affecting sovereign borrowing behavior.
Elham Hamidi; Javad Nikkar; Mostafa Hashemi Tilehnouei
Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a fundamental factor for the survival of any organization. Companies and institutions are active in a society that provides them various opportunities to earn profits and realize their goals. The increasing importance of corporate social responsibility and the ...
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a fundamental factor for the survival of any organization. Companies and institutions are active in a society that provides them various opportunities to earn profits and realize their goals. The increasing importance of corporate social responsibility and the costs required by companies to operate and participate in these issue has led to the purpose of this study to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the managers' behaviors in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is based on purpose, application and data analysis in the field of causal descriptive studies. In this study, the reflection of managers’ myopic and optimistic behaviors is considered as managers' behaviors. Therefore, two hypotheses were developed to investigate this issue, and data from 174 listed companies were analyzed from 2008 to 2018. The regression model of the research was evaluated using a panel data method with a fixed-effects approach and logistic regression method. The result showed that the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility has a significant negative effect on the optimistic behavior of managers and decreases this type of behavior by managers. On the other hand, the results confirmed that accomplishing corporate social responsibility does not have a significant effect on managers' myopic behavior.